Marketing Definition Essay Example for Free

Marketing Definition EssayDefinitionThe process of defining and subdividing a large consistent market into clearly identifiable segments having similar needs, wants, or demand characteristics. Its objective is to design a marketing mix that precisely matches the expectations of customers in the targeted segment. Few companies are big enough to supply the needs of an entire market most must breakdown the total demand into segments and choose those that the company is best fit out to handle. Four basic factors that affect market sectionalisation are (1) clear identification of the segment, (2) measurability of its effective size, (3) its accessibility through promotional efforts, and (4) its appropriateness to the policies and resources of the company. The quatern basic market segmentation-strategies are based on (a) behavioral (b) demographic, (c) psychographic, and (d) geographical differences.Read more http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/market-segmentation.htmlixz z2ImOtX3b8Do you think that it was a good segmentation for MMs to develop a new version targeting adults? In observing how MMs have changed over time from the addition of wild bean butter and almonds to the changing of colors and sizes I think that was a great segmentation strategy to develop a new version targeting adults. The new sop up of MMs is 55 percent larger in size and they come in colors that are appealing to adults in its design (Schiffman Kanuk, 2007). accord to spokeswoman Joan Buyce of Masterfoods USA this creation is designed with adults in mind and It broadens our portfolio so theres something for everyone (MMs get mega-sized, 2012, p.1).Buyce also states that the new MMs are available in milk chocolate as well as peanut varieties and come with an adult-oriented color scheme which includes teal, beige, gold, maroon, brown and blue-gray (MMs get mega-sized, 2012). Due to the new line of MMs including aspects that target adults I think that it is a great segmentati on strategy because appealing aspects are included in the development of the new version. Discuss three basic types of explore of design (exploratory, descriptive and casual).The three basic types of designs are exploratory, descriptive and casual search. In the explorative research there is systematic and flexible and allows the researcher to analyze desires (Marketing Research Design, 2012). Explorative research is also most commonly unstructured, informal research that is undertaken to gain background information about the general nature of the research problem (Marketing Research Design, 2012). While descriptive research describes and measure marketing phenomena at a point in time (Marketing Research Design, 2012). This type of research is classified as a cross sectional study, because it is a one-time measurement, which is established in market research, outnumbering longitudinal studies and casual studies (Marketing Research Design, 2012). Casual research is continues

Health and social care Essay Example for Free

Health and social care EssayWe are now living in an aging society and so wellness and social care bequeath work on a part throughout our life head for the hills in one way or a nonher. I sh altogether start the main body of my assignment by providing an explanation of what is meant by the life course. I will so(prenominal) move onto my experiences of adulthood and of use health and social care serve, showing as I go how block 1 has helped me to critically reflect upon these and the issuance. Critically comment means that I will analyse, challenge and question within this assignment.I will also show the different methods of coefficient of reflection to explore my life course and show how important reflection ordure be in health and social care setting. After reflecting I will discuss other aspects from within the learning guides. I then will come to the devastation of the assignment with a brief conclusion. The term life course is make up of expected age related eve nts throughout life, that are traditions within a society. These life courses can change in different cultures.These events within a life course can affect how mess live which is called life course perspective, by understanding a persons life course, we can use it to provide appropriate support and provision. In learning guide three, open university, five principles by Bengston et al (2005), occur within the life course perspective by discussing these we have a break understanding of the life course, It establishes a common field of inquiry by defining a framework that guides research in terms of problem identification and formulation , (Bengston et al, 2005, Chapter 1).The origin is called linked lives, which is how our lives are affected by others, they have are very influential, especially family. The second is succession and place, it discusses how things such(prenominal) as historical events, living in a time of economic decline for example, The Great Depression, can rest rict certain opportunities and shape who people are and become. The triplet is quantify, this consists of the timing of specific events within a persons life that may or may not oblige in within societys norm of when the event should happen such as education and having children.The fourth is make hoices about what to do and have plans, it is about agency, how they plan their life, have curve over it and can continually assess if it is going to plan. However I facial expression that this can be critiqued as still in that respect are staged marriages, controlling human relationships, forced prostitution, all of these have little agency over their life as well as many other cases. The fifth and terminal one is life-long, this shows that ageing is not just an older stage of life but is happening to all of us, it is a life-long process and events can determine the outcome of later life.Applying these to health and social care settings can help complete a picture of an individual s life, I will also utilize some of the five aspects to my experience. To critically reflect on my own experiences I had to figure out which parts of my life would be relevant. At the end of my reflection I will show how these examples changed my determine and ethics and also now what I expect from health and social care professionals. The three fibers of reflection by Barker (2010, p. 122) cites (William 2001) within learning guide one, open university, are probably the best method to help reflect on my initial experience.The first type of reflection by Barker is content reflection this consists of what happened. What happened is that I had a swift transition from childhood to adulthood as I became a take at sixteen. The second part of reflection is process reflection which is why it happened. It happened because at the time I felt older than my historic period and to show my parents and friends how braggart(a) up I was, I got pregnant. The third part is called premise or cr itical reflection which shows why it happened and the judgement for it.As a teenager all I cared about was my discoverings and nobody else mattered it was what I wanted and so I made sure it did. I was treated as a social shipwreck survivor by certain family and was also treated in a very patronising manner by the GP and other health care professionals such as midwives, throughout my pregnancy and early motherhood. By drawing on this as an experience I wanted to show that my determine O.K. then were selfish and all about me and becoming a mother this changed my outlook by making my child my priority and I used this as a strength to prove the professionals wrong and that I would make a good mother regardless of my age.I realise now that a lot of judgements were made because this was not classed as societys norm also shows the second principal of time and place as I was classed as the modern early days culture. I also feel that if the professionals had taken the time to understan d my life course as discussed within learning guide three, open university, they would have soundless why I had taken this course of action. When people dont do what seems to be the obvious, sensible, rational thing to promote their own health and wellbeing, it can be tempting to characterise them as awkward, irrational, their own worst enemy .. ( overspread University, LG 3. 2).I feel that this sentence sums up how I was treated, and the laying claim of me by the health professionals. I chose this to show that I still had the rights to be treated as any other mother to be and not as a social outcast from a modern culture. I wanted also to bring in that this may also be classed as an honorable dilemma for certain members of staff as they may feel uneasy dealing with a teenage mother to be. Ethical dilemmas often arise in health and social care as mentioned in learning guide five.I will be using the three suggested methods of reflection by Rolfe et al (2001), (LG1, open university) , for my next experience. The first method is what the situation is, looking into any problems and any feelings about it. This situation is that I was diagnosed with Sero-negative arthritis at 25, I was devastated, I had dickens children by this point to look after and an abusive partner who was no help. The second method consists of so what, I took this to mean, what was learnt and any thoughts about the situation.At the time I was understandably upset but I had very good family and friends to help, shows the importance of linked lives. I had to very nervous of going back to the judgemental professionals that Id dealt with earlier, they were not very informative and I was placed on a time lag list to see a specialist. The attitudes of the professionals was that I had been diagnosed, deal with it basically. The third method is now what, what inviteed to be done, improve my understanding.I researched as much as I could, realised it usually affected people mingled with 40 50 so l earning this I felt old showing the fifth principle by Bengston et al, that ageing happens to us all, I was hapless from what I thought was an older persons illness. I kept going back to the GP time after time pushing my way up the waiting list, showing them research of what can happen without early treatment to examine I was seen to as quickly as possible, this caused a little conflict surrounded by myself and the GP as I felt I knew more than they did and they did not like that fact.I feel that reflecting back on this again the health professionals and the care I received was poor. I eventually had care by rheumatology staff who looked at my age and would assume that I was not suffering as mischievousness as the others, I was let down by the health service as a whole. I also wanted to show that they were not winning into account my fiber of life was going to suffer if I wasnt treated effectively. Chronic illness is discussed also as a biographical disruption.biographic disru ption is an event outside your expectation of your life course that is unwanted or not expected. Being diagnosed with Sero-negative arthritis definitely fits in with this analogy, in fact a paper was written discussing how chronic illness as biographical disruption, My contention is that illness, and especially chronic illness, is precisely that kind of experience where the structures of everyday life and the forms of fellowship which underpin them are disrupted. , (Bury, Chapter 5, Reader). Using another method of reflection by Schon (1983), (LG1, Open University), I will explore my third and last chosen experience. The first is reflection in action which is how it sounds by using past experience, bedledge to guide you. Although I am now in a happy relationship, I was once in an aggressive and violent relationship for ten years and it affected my every aspect of my life from my confidence to new relationships.By using this type of reflection, although until reading this type of r eflection I had not even realised I had done it, I used my previous relationship to envision that I would be treated like a woman in my new relationship. The second is called reflection on action this is basically ringing back on what actions we took after the event. I had left after an incident which had needed a police visit and so social services had been notified because of the violence to ensure the children had not been involved and I found them very judgemental of the fact I had stayed for so long in an abusive relationship.I showed social services that I had asked for support for me and children by an external organisation as soon as I left and that I was aware we would need it. Social services told me that we would need to work together to ensure that the action I had taken was sufficient and that all the steps necessary to ensure that we were all supported were taken. At first Social Services were quite rude and intrusive by I realised that it was their job to be intrusi ve and once I let my shield down with them, I actually found that they were there to help.I anted to show this as an experience because I was brought up with strong family values and ethics so I stayed in the relationship because I did not want a broken family for my children even though looking back now I know that it was the wrong thing to do. I also feel it must be hard for social care providers to sometimes understand my reasoning for staying as my family values when their values may have been different causing the initial tension. I realise now that sometimes even though you were raised with certain values and ethics sometimes yours and your families welfare takes priority.I also wanted to show that that the fourth principle by Bengston et al is not always possible, throughout this relationship I had no autonomy, in a controlling environment you can only do what you are allowed to do and not everybody has the chance of breaking free. The quality of life, for me and my children was also affected, I have taken an extract to show my point that, There are objective qualities too, and some of these, such as sufficient nutrition, a non- godforsaken environment, and a long and healthy life are universally, or virtually universally uncontroversial as components of quality of life. (Phillips, chapter 3, Reader).Within the quote it mentions a non hazardous environment which is the opposite of what we were living in. By reflecting about the above experiences, and others not mentioned, I feel that I have had a difficult life course but because of them I feel I have built up resilience. My experience of adulthood started a lot earlier than was planned, it was not an easy pickax but I adapted well. Adulthood did not really get easier for me until recently where I found my independence and was safe away from harm.With my experiences of adulthood not being so great, I would say that I feel a lot older than I am, if I bring in positive ageing or successful ageing which was discussed in learning guide two then I would say I definitely do not fit that description the next quote helps explain why. Successful aging is more than the absence of disease, important though that is, and more than the maintenance of functional capacities, important as it is.Both are important components of successful aging, but it is their combination with active engagement with life that represents the concept of successful aging most fully , ( Rowe and Kahn, 1997, Open University). I am more aware of my ageing process since being diagnosed at such a young age of sero-negative arthritis but as it is not life threatening I feel I have a long time left yet until the end of my life.I also think that because I made the decision to leave my abusive partner that my quality of life has dramatically improved if I had stayed in that environment I feel that I would not be here now to talk about it. My values and ethics have been influenced by a lot of my experiences over the years an d have definitely altered. My values and ethics consist of what is good for me and the children, if I am happy and content then they will benefit it means that I can also now offer a more open, respectful and secure upbringing.I am now going to bring my assignment to an end by summing up my conclusion. With the experiences that I have mentioned within my assignment you can see that my interaction with the world of health and social care has been quite eventful. I have been faced with professionals who have judged me and made assumptions and also who have made me feel inadequate but I was also helped by social services and feel stronger because of that so I am unsure of how to sum up the field of health and social care as it covers such a huge aspect within our life courses.If there was more training provided in understanding life courses and offering person centred care then I feel things would improve but in a time of economic decline I cannot imagine that the funding for this wou ld be available. I do feel that there will always be prejudices within the health and social care profession and that their personal values and ethics may also always play a part in the way they offer support. (

Relationship Between Knowledge and Social Change

Relationship Between knowledge and Social ChangeHow are Changes in Knowledge Connected to Social Change?IntroductionKnowledge and participation have a reciprocal relationship. Religious and scientific ideas bring changes to the neighborly order, likewise changes in society help to shape knowledge. This has been most unmistakable since the time of the Enlightenment. From earliest times philosophers had concerned themselves with questions virtually God and about the human condition, what are sometimes called timeless truths. Sociology, on the other hand was more(prenominal) contextual and historical in that theorists were concerned with the historical outlet of all aspects of human social life.Sociology emerged through the conditions of modernity, which began in Europe in the 17th nose candy moreover later spread to become terra firmawide. The new scientific suasion questioned previously held offices of knowing and thinking about the world. Religious doctrine and teachings that had been seen as authoritative and objective truths which dictated the way most people lived their lives were called into question by advances in science. At the same time modernity engendered huge technical and social change that led to a break with what had gone before. The French revolution, and in England, the Industrial revolution, which dramatically changed the face of the social world, were decisive elements in the emergence of a theory of society that was distinct from other branches of philosophy (Giddens, 2001).The revolution was based on notions of individual freedom and human rights it shook the social and political foundations of France and had repercussions across Europe. It also contained within it economic consequences that destroyed the foundations of feudal society. It questioned the idealized and inward looking compriseence of philosophy (see Morrison, 1995). Historical outgrowths concern on philosophy was most evident in Hegels fashion which had profound implications for the development of social theory. Hegel took the view that the revolution had not just influenced the way philosophy saw itself it fundamentally changed the way philosophers dealt with reality and history. History and the social order had been seen as fixed, the revolution changed that and Hegel observed that as one form of social and political existence ended so other took its place.. Hegel viewed the individual as a subject within history and history as developmental and thereof liberative. This was the first time that history and humanitys role within it had been recognised as an ongoing and ever-ever-changing process. Other 19th century thinkers want to understand the changing world in which they lived.Knowledge and Social ScienceAuguste Comte is sometimes called the founder of sociology as he coined the term. Comte was influenced by the way scientists investigated the physical world and he sought to create a science of society which would explain the social world in a similar manner. He believed that the scientific order allowed us to uncover universal laws. Comtes thinking developed into what is known as positivism. This holds that science should be concerned with observable facts thus knowledge about society had to be based on empirical evidence i.e. observation and experiment (Callincos).Comte was followed by Durkheim who also took the view that social life should be examine in the same way that scientists studied the physical world. He and other positivists believed that social facts about the world could be established through the collection of statistical data. In this way sociologists could study cause and effect in society. For Durkheim sociology was about the discovery of social facts, sociologists should study aspects of life that shape individuals such as religion and economics. Because social change is so rapid the modern world presents us with difficulties that affect our lifestyles and cause human beings to feel unset tled. Durkheim described this process as anomie, a feeling of despair that was a consequence of modern life.The ideas of Karl Marx contrast with those of Comte and Durkheim who were interested in the structure of society.He also sought to explain the changes that were taking place in society. Marx said that the philosophers had only interpreted the world when it needed to be changed. Drawing on Hegels idea of the development of history Marx developed what he called a materialist conception of history (Morris, 1995). Social change, he argued is not the result of ideas, but of economic processes. Historical development is the result of class conflict. Religion was a glowering ideology that upheld the interests of the ruling class and kept the working classes in submission. Max Weber also wanted to understand social change but was tiny of some of Marxs views. Weber believed that ideas and values were just as important as economic processes and he felt that sociology should focus on action not structure (Haralambos and Holborn, 2000). Weber maintained that capitalism was not simply the result of class conflict, what he termed the spirit of capitalism was the result of a particular view of the world. He maintained that capitalism was the direct result of a particular religious view of the world, that of Calvinism. They worked hard1because that was what God wanted and this resulted in the accumulation of capital. Their success was, for them, a sign of Gods grace. Thus, for Weber, rather than study society as a set of social facts, we need to try to understand the meanings that human beings cause to their actions. This brought about a continuing divide in sociology between positivism and interpretavism, social structure versus human action. Those who follow an interpretative view of studying society argue that no causal explanation of human behaviour is possible without some understanding of the meanings that individuals give to their actions (Haralambos and Holb orn, 2000).2 Weber believed that human action was creative whereas Durkheim believed that our actions were extra by social structures.Later DevelopmentsMarx, Durkheim and Weber, are known as the founding fathers of sociology who although divided in their accounts of society all sought to make find of the changing societies that they lived in (Morrison, 1995). Their thought influenced later sociologists. Functionalism developed out of Durkheims thinking. Its most prominent thinkers are the American sociologists Robert Merton and Talcott Parsons. Functionalism holds that society is a system whose various part work together and this produces social solidarity and cohesion (Giddens, 2001).3 Thus functionalists examined the institutions of society, the family and education to show how they worked in the development of society and promoted social cohesion.Marxs thinking developed by and large through conflict theories. Inherent in Marxs thought was the idea that one set of people in so ciety were in conflict with another (the class divide) this has been most obvious in the development of feminist theories. Feminists such as Walby (1990) have used Marxs epitome of class in the analysis of the rise of patriarchy and the struggle between the sexes. These relationships are characterised by the fact that one group has power and authority while another does not. Webers thought has been seen as important to the development of symbolic interactionism as found in the work of George Herbert Mead an American anthropologist. This view holds that individuals have an image of themselves that is reinforced by their interactions with others. Phenomenology is a further development of interactionism but it goes further than interactionists in that they focus solely on the subjective aspects of social life.The ideas of the founding fathers have been termed grand theories but with the demise of modernity the idea that history is progressive has been called into question. Society is not a seamless whole but plural and diverse, it has thus been described as post-modern (Lyotard, 1989).Postmodernists argue that objective knowledge of the world is not possible because knowledge reflects the interests of its producers. Michel Foucault (1975) was a French sociologist who argued that knowledge was a result of the power relations that exist in society. Power works through discourse4 and shapes our attitudes towards sexuality, crime and criminals and madness. Foucault, through his archeology of knowledge5 Foucault argued that what we understand of say mental illness or sexuality is a result of social development.ConclusionClearly knowledge and social change are very closely linked. The immense changes in society over the past third hundred years have resulted in philosophers and social scientists attempting to understand the world, why things happen the way they do, why we do what we do. They also look at the development of social institutions, and in Foucaults case6 the development of knowledge itself through discourse. The emergence of sociology is directly related to social change and sociologists attempts to understand such changes have resulted in the production of knowledge. At the same time new knowledge about the world we live in helps to facilitate social change, e.g. feminist perspectives have resulted in huge changes in womens status in todays society.BibliographyCallinicos, A 1999 Social Theory New York, New York University PressFoucault, M 1991 (1975) airfield and Punish The Birth of the Prison Harmondsworth, PenguinGiddens, 2001 4th ed. Sociology Cambridge, PolityHaralambos and Holborn 2000 Sociology Themes and Perspectives Collins, LondonMorrison, K 1995 Marx, Durkheim, Weber Formations of Modern Social Thought1Footnotes1 What Weber termed the Protestant work ethic2 See page 9723 See page 174 The way we talk and think about a subjectAn approach which tries to make sense of what we know and how we know it by digging into the past5 6 And also Khuns with his ideas about paradigms or models of acceptable knowledge which change over time. Thus changing views about mental health, childbirth and parenting.

Steeple Analysis Of UK Supermarket

Steeple outline Of UK SupermartThe UK supermarket industry is the fastest evolution sector of the UK economy that has made a great contribution to its sparing development. Currently, the supermarket industry employs more than than 1.1 million people and contributes more than 8% to the UK GDP (Euromonitor International, 2010). In every credit line environment, macro analysis is important to identify the divisors that can hamper trading operations of faces boost in the industry. steeple (Social, Technological, Environmental, Economic, Political, sub judice and Ethical) analysis is amongst the most effective tools that are used to monitor changes taking place in the environment of the business (Brown, 2007 Griffith Harmgart, 2008) the analysis is d oneness to identify all important doers that can take aim a significant impact on any(prenominal) organisation operating in the UK supermarket industry.Li (2008) and Vasquez-Nicholson (2011) emphasized that Morrison PLC is a dom inant brand in the UK supermarket industry as it derives its competitory edge by doing STEEPLE analysis frequently. It has successfully achieved its bottom market size by exploiting all strengths and availing opportunities present in its external environment.STEEPLE Analysis of UK SupermarketEvery market is significantly impacted by both micro and macro environmental factors, but macro environmental factors go through more influence on operational activities of a business (Jarett, 2012). Each factor of STEEPLE analysis with its relation to the UK supermarket industry is discussed belowSocial AnalysisThe flow trends of consumers in the UK market depict that they are moving from one lay over shopping to a bulk buying mode as there are conglomerate mixer changes happening in the country. Supermarkets have availability of various non-food items which are usually on sale in the market. There have been demographic changes because there is an increase in old people, the number of f emale workers is increasing, and there is a significant decrement in homemade meals (Davis and Relly, 2009).There is more emphasis on the private label share of every business mix, might in supply chain, and improvements in operational activities so that the overall cost of business is bowdlerised. Most of the retail giants in UK are now shifting to local anesthetic suppliers for their purchases and stock requirements (Vasquez-Nicholson, 2011 Waterman, 2007). In addition, consumers demand of products and operate has changed because of their social conditioning along with their beliefs and attitudes (Lyan, 2007).Technological AnalysisTechnological developments have enhanced the service level of supermarkets in UK as they have benefitted both consumers and companies. With the help of technological gadgets, products are available quickly, personalized services are offered to customers and shopping has become convenient (Akter, 2012). The major systems that have enhanced UK supermar kets functioning are Electronic Point of Sale, Efficient Consumer Response, Electronic scanners and Electronic Funds Transfer System these systems have assisted in competent distribution and merchandizing activities so that requirements of individually corporation are effectively communicated on time to the supplier (Grugulis, Bozkurt and Clegg, 2010).Environmental AnalysisAll organisations have to show that they operate on in environment friendly activities there is increased pressure on various managers and companies for acknowledging their social responsibility and they are required to behave in a beneficial way for the society (Smith, 2004). In the UK supermarket industry, the main issue at hand is that food retailers have to demonstrate that they conduct their operations in shipway that are beneficial for the society as a whole and that is why every leading supermarket has taken initiatives to show their Corporate Social Responsibility promise. correct the UK government ha s launched a strategy for consumption in a sustainable manner and made mandatory changes in production methods to cut down waste, reduce resource consumption that produces harmful gases or particles which can cause pollution, and minimize damage to the environment (Trail, 2006).Economic AnalysisThe main factors to be studied in economic analysis are demands, costs, prices, profits, inflation, unemployment, interest rates and fluctuation in exchange rates along with various micro economic factors such as labour availability, product market, competitive structure and temper of competition. Considering the UK economys performance in 2012, its GDP growth rate is 1%, CPI rate is 2.2 %, unemployment rate is 7.9% and the current balance of payments is account deficit of GBP 2.8 billion ( work Economics, 2012).Micro Economic AnalysisSince international businesses of these supermarkets are growing, they are likely to get affected by reduction in the demand of UK food market and there is an increased exposure to risk of market concentration. There is immense pressure on existing companies to coerce sure that every factor is well studied so that all resources are effectively utilized.The Product MarketAll supermarkets have been developed with providing one s earn buying facility and they have provided a wide range of options to the customers. Nowadays, people are looking for healthy and nutritive food so that they lodge fit and healthy the demand of organic foods has increased and customers are looking for easy access to these food items. The supermarkets are now placing these food items in their outlets to react to their customer demands.The Labour MarketAs the number of supermarkets is increasing in UK, there is a huge requirement for manpower that can provide services to customers with perfection. Since skills required for performing necessary tasks are of a lower level, people with minimum education can easily find a job in this market. The labour availability is high as people have many jobs available in this field. Also, the demand of products is increasing, so supermarkets have added huge variations in each category.Competitive StructureIn UK, the supermarket industry is believed to be an oligopoly market, which is highly competitive there are four main firms in this industry, i.e. Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury and Morrison, which have more than 75% of the overall market share (Jarett, 2012). The pricing is almost the same, so customers are able to buy the products they need within their affordable range.Nature of CompetitionThe nature of competition is getting intensified the number of competitors is increasing because other companies are entering this field, such as Waitrose, Marks Spencer and many more (Seely, 2012).Political and Legal AnalysisThe political parties in UK are taking aggressive steps to protect the small shops and stores in the country so that their business does not reason down they have imposed many restrictions on the s upermarkets so that a fair and competitive environment is created in the grocery industry. The Office of Fair Trading and the Competition Commission are the two main bodies that catch that supermarkets do not create monopoly and offer fair prices to the customers.Recently, the government has relaxed UK Sunday Trading Laws for benefits of the employees and introduced a new style of food labelling so that shoppers in the supermarket can make healthy choices. Since obesity is the primary issue in the UK population, there is a growing trend of organic and healthy food and various initiatives are being taken by the government to create awareness of eating healthy and nutritious food. The government has also passed the laws for reducing the usage of single carrier plastic bags so that the environment is protected from any kind of pollution.Ethic AnalysisIn the UK supermarket industry, each company has to run into that its business operations are conducted in accordance with the ethical standards. The sector is assumed by law to be observing ethical behaviour and conduct business practices in accordance with corporate governance. Every organisation has to ensure that it conducts its practices with integrity, transparency, accountability and honesty (Nicholls and Opal, 2005).Linkage of STEEPLE Analysis with Morrison PLCSTEEPLE analysis plays an important role in identifying all important factors that are impacting Morrison PLC, but the most important factors are social, economic and legal ones. The social factors are of utmost importance because every company exists to serve its customers it is important to understand their changing trends so that products and services are modified accordingly. Likewise, analysis of economic factors gives an idea of economic condition along with spending power of customers with the help of these factors, it can decide on its operational activities and further expansion plans. Since legislation is a mandatory part of every business environment, Morrison will have to ensure that it follows all rules and regulations to ensure compliance with the legislative framework in case any rule is broken, a heavy penalty will be charged, which can be costly for the company. Hence, these three factors are the most important areas of concern for Morrison PLC. vastness of Human Resource Management in SupermarketsHRM is an integral part of every business organisation, and it is important for them to have a highly skilled and motivated workforce that will assist them in achieving their desired goals and move successfully ahead in the industry (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2008). Following are the two examples of importance of HRM in the UK supermarket industryTescoTesco is among the largest supermarkets of UK that employs more than 326,000 people and has been earning a consistent stream of revenue in the last couple of years (Euromonitor International, 2010). The company has done a competitive analysis to improve the ways in wh ich interaction is done with customers. In order to enhance its position in the supermarket industry of UK, it has used concepts of welfare management, round-the-clock improvement and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) along with well designed HRM strategies. The employees are treated as champions and are even rewarded for their extraordinary achievements they are twisting in decision making process as well.All of these interactive initiatives enhanced employees satisfaction level, motivation and productivity along with acceptance to change and have high morale for work. In order to ensure that Tesco provides a favourable working environment to its employees, it has properly implemented all important laws that will ensure employees are given their rightlys. For instance, they are given competent compensation packages, working environment is conducive, preventive measures are taken to provide healthy and a dependable environment, and equal job opportunities and various other benefits are given (Freeman, 2009).In order to ensure that everyone is given the best employment opportunities, it is important for Tesco to conduct market analysis on an ongoing basis. It seeks help from marketing agencies that evaluate environment and ensure that they design competent compensation packages. By focusing on effective development of its workforce, Tesco has been able to gain a competitive edge in the market. The satisfaction surveys of employees have shown that they are satisfied with their working environment and they will expect loyal to the company forever. With the help of a participative management culture, Tesco has been able to identify its weak areas and has successfully made the required changes so that overall performance of the company improves (Grugulis, Bozkurt and Clegg, 2010).SainsburysWhen Sainsburys noticed that its sales were declining and it was unable to achieve its target market share, it decided to do its competitive analysis, which meant doing both internal and external analysis. The main problem highlighted in the analysis was that it lacked a competent and loyal workforce and there was misalignment between the organisation strategy and the companys overall strategy. There was a lot of miscommunication in the organisation as employees had lack of clarity about their jobs and how they were supposed to make contribution in the company. Overall, its HR department was not functioning smoothly as the right workforce was not employed at that time (Fox and Vorley 2004 Li, 2008).The foremost thing that was required was to change the culture of the organisation and it was made possible by receiving top management support. The code of conduct along with HR policies and regulations were distributed to employees so that they were aware of new rules and regulations that they had to abide by job descriptions were changed to match demands of every position. Sainsburys even did a market survey to identify HR structures of its competito rs and also compensation packages that should be offered to employees.After planning of HRM, it was implemented properly and monitored at small intervals to check its progress six months later, Sainsburys observed an upward trend in its sales figures, along with an improved satisfaction level of employees. The company made changes in its recruitment and selection, readiness and developments, compensation and benefits and performance appraisal processes so that everything in HRM was well-integrated.ConclusionIn order to be competitive in todays supermarket industry, companies have to make sure that they do analysis of their internal and external environments on an ongoing basis so that they have the latest information about things that are happening in their surroundings. Although STEEPLE analysis is important for identifying the factors which have a tendency of influencing the working environment of supermarkets, equally important are their workforces as they are the ones who are i n consider interaction with customers.The main factor affecting the supermarket industry of UK is the workforce as it is important for the supermarkets to employ people who are well-skilled and efficient in helping the companies in achieving their corporate objectives. Since the number of employees in this sector is increasing, there are more chances that the employment level increases and spending power of people is enhanced. Another important factor that needs to be addressed is the growing concern for a healthy lifestyle and food the consumers are now shifting to organic food. Therefore, the supermarkets have to ensure that they have a specific range of products that are demanded by customers, so that they can ensure that they maintain their position in the market.

Implementation of Reliable and Cost Effective Smart Home

Implementation of Reliable and Cost Effective Smart HomeAutomation is the trend that will pose the way we will live and work over the next decade. menses radical mechanization carcasss have limitations in terms of radio set connectivity, speed, interference, bandwidth and cost of implementation. The proposed un holdd alkali system provides wireless control of appliances such as lights, fans, and alarms by using sensors and Bluetooth. Bluetooth provides higher transmission speed, greater bandwidth, and consumes less power than existing wireless protocols. Further, the cost of implementation is minimized with the use of sensors and Bluetooth. This design incorporates an weapon7 processor that continuously collects light intensity, temperature, and carbon-monoxide levels from sensors and compares it with threshold levels, to determine the control operation to be per organise on home appliances. The ARM7 processor access appliances using Bluetooth. Further, this sharp home syst em also allows individuals to directly control their appliances through a smartphone- found android application. This smart home system is implemented and tested under varying conditions to represent its efficiency.LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSADCAnalog to Digital ConverterARMAdvanced reduced instruction set computing MachinesBLEBluetooth little EnergyCPSRCurrent Program Status RegisterDTEData Terminal EquipmentFECForward Error bailiwickFH-CDMAFrequency Hopping Code Division Multiple AccessFIQFast commove RequestHVACHigh Voltage Alternating Currentliquid crystal displayLiquid Crystal DisplayPPMRISCParts Per MillionReduced Instruction passel ComputerRSSIReceived Signal Strength index fingerUARTUniversal Asynchronous Receiver/TransmitterUPBUniversal Powerline BusUSBUniversal Serial BusCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONHome AutomationWorlds Fair of 1934 in Chicago marked the birth of home automation. Initially, the industry could not make an enormous impact on society. The reason for the slow start w as high price and complexity making it hard to install. However as smartphones and tablets came into existence, the implementation of this engine room became much easier. The automation engine room helps in achieving greater efficiency and provides higher security.Expectations from a Smart HomeThe major parameters to look for in the implementation of a smart home gage be as followsCompatibility of the protocol. The system should communicate with the major protocols in home automation like ZigBee, Z-Wave, and Bluetooth.Wireless access. The system should be capable of wireless continuative such as Wi-Fi Connectivity thereby eliminating all physical complexities.Scope for expansion. The system should fight down a higher number of products.Scope for scheduling. The design of the system should be able to support scheduling of different tasks at home like turning off lights when nobody at home.Remote access. Having an Android support is ar turnrary these days. If the system is comp atible with a smartphone, it makes this process very smooth as almost every individual today has a smartphone.Emergency notification. The system should aim messages indicating emergency or threat to the house.Smart Home Community ResponseVarious studies have been conducted to find out if consumers are ready to take up smart home technology. A study from Coldwell Banker Real Estate and CNET carried out in June 2015, said that 28% of internet users in The United States have smart homes and 90% of them would recommend smart home technology. The report also suggests that 25% of Americans use smart home products which save them around 30 minutes a day on average which are equivalent to $1,000 per year. As per a survey, 75% of the smart homeowners believe that this technology brings peace of mind regarding security.CHAPTER 2 palingenesis OF LITERATUREExisting Protocols in Home Automation IndustryThe increase in the use of smart home systems leads to the development of different protocol s. The protocols are selected based on the type of communication among various connected devices. Let us see the major protocols in home automation industryX10 TechnologyX10 is the oldest home automation protocol developed in 1970. Initially, the technology was a powerline-based system which slowly went wireless. X10 technology uses the power lines in the home to allow communication amidst various appliances. X10 is reliable as it makes use of power lines. However, it is subject to interference from other devices in the circuit. It does not provide a speed communication in the midst of devices. It can only perform 16 commands sent one at a time.INSTEON TechnologyINSTEON was introduced in the year 2005. It was designed to bridge the gap among powerline systems and wireless protocols. INSTEON is compatible with X10 technology making it easy for those who have an existing X10 network. It supports automation novices which make setting up or adding devices easy for the non-technical u sers. INSTEON can support much than 65,000 commands.It is capable of transmitting commands with little interference. One need not have to enroll INSTEON into home automation network. INSTEON network can have more than 400 devices connected in a single installation. The dual-band mesh network can convert all powerline-operated devices into repeatersZigBee TechnologyZigBee is a wireless communication precedent built by IEEE. It runs on 802.15.4 wireless communication standard. ZigBee is growing significantly in recent times. However, ZigBees full acceptance as a home automation protocol is still in question. The reason being its interoperability. In most cases, ZigBee devices have difficulty in communicating with devices from other manufacturers. Each device uses different methods to accomplish the same task which causes the difficulty in communication. Perhaps, for the same reason, manufacturers use ZigBee to limit third-party devices.Wi-Fi TechnologyWi-Fi stands for Wireless Fide lity. Wi-Fi makes use of radio frequency transmission of data through the air. Speed in a Wi-Fi connection may vary from 1mbps to 2mbps. Wi-Fi works in the frequency band of 2.4 GHz. The range for Wi-Fi is 40-300 feet. Wi-Fi runs on an inbuilt technology known as frequency division multiplexing technology.However, the major drawback with Wi-Fi is the interference and bandwidth issues. With too many Wi-Fi compatible devices, each device must fight for bandwidth resulting in more time to respond thereby making it work slowly. Also, Wi-Fi consumes much power.CHAPTER 3BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGYIn 1994, Ericsson Mobile Communications was the first to initiate research on the possibility of wireless links. Their aim was to develop a cost-effective solution to replace cables as a mode of communication between computers and peripherals. Ericsson along with Nokia, Intel, IBM, and Toshiba, formed a group known as Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) with a common motive of developing the unique technology. The first Bluetooth technical specification released in 1999.Bluetooth SpecificationBluetooth specification for Classic Bluetooth/Bluetooth Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate (BR/EDR) is below in Table 1.TABLE 1. Specifications of Classic Bluetooth expert SpecificationClassic BluetoothModulation TechniqueFrequency HoppingModulation SchemeGFSKModulation Index0.35Number of Channels79Channel Bandwidth1 megahertzNominal Data Rate1-3 MbpsApplication Throughput0.7 2.1 MbpsNodes/Active Slaves7Security56 128 bitVoiceCapableBluetooth Technology A Good superior for Smart HomeBluetooth is a solution to some different issues which existed earlier, likeSpeed.Bluetooth provides a transmission speed of 1 Mbps. It can handle up to terce voice channels simultaneously.Power.Bluetooth technology has a special feature of limiting the transmitters power as per the demand. With the help of a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), a Bluetooth receiver can determine the transmission power required by the transmitter.Security.Bluetooth has three built-in features which aim at providing secure data or voice transmissionPrevents access to transmitted data by providing proper authentication.Data is encrypted over-the-air (OTA) which eliminated eaves-droppings. Also, an appropriate key is required to decrypt such dataIt makes use of Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum (FHSS) which further eliminates eavesdroppingReliability.Bluetooth Technology uses three techniques to ensure protocol reliability. They are Frequency Hopping Code Division Multiple Access (FH-CDMA), Error Correction and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI).Therefore, with the help of these techniques, the performance degradation is minimized.CHAPTER 4SYSTEM COMPONENTSHardware ComponentsTABLE 2. Components Required for the DesignPower append12V DC BatteryProcessorAdvanced RISC Machine (ARM7)Serial CommunicationUniversal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART)Wireless CommunicationBluetooth facultySe nsorsLight Dependent Resistor (LDR), Temperature Sensor (LM35), andGas Sensor (MQ-2)DisplayLiquid Crystal Display (LCD)Smart Phone DisplayLoads/Appliances/DevicesLED, Computer Fan, and get down/BuzzerSoftware ApplicationsTABLE 3. Software Required for the DesignMATLABTo capture the sensor outputsKEILTo write the code for the functioning of processorFlash MagicTo position the code into the processorSYSTEM ARRANGEMENTPower SupplyThe prototype uses an AJC D1.3S battery with 12 Volt/1.3Ah configuration.Liquid Crystal DisplayThe prototype uses an 1602A LCD module with following features16 Character x 2 LineSingle power supply of 5VInput data 4-bits or 8-bits interface1/16Duty, 1/5BiasRelayThe prototype uses NRP07-C12DS relay to control the loads.Rating 10A/28VDC gooimum Switching Voltage 30VDCOperate Time 8msec. MaxRelease Time 5msec. MaxBluetooth ModuleBT24 Bluetooth module is a low cost series from Amped RF Technology.ConfigurationCortex-M3 microprocessor up to 72MHzUART, up to 921K baud13 general purpose I/O4 x 12-bit A/D inputsAmpedUP Bluetooth stack (SPP, IAP, A2DP)Support Apple IOS/MFI Bluetooth devices.BT24 FeaturesBluetooth v3.0Range up to 60m LOS400 Kbps data through-put128-bit encryption security.Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) ProcessorIn 1985, Acorn computers developed the first prototype of ARM in England. ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machine. Currently, ARM is designed and marketed by ARM Holdings. As the name suggests, ARM uses RISC (Reduced Instruction exercise set Computer) architecture. The design, instruction set and decode mechanism of the RISC is much simpler than Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) design.ARM FeaturesARM7 has the following features32-bit RISC processor measly power consumption 0.6mA/MHz at 3V fabricatedFast interrupt response for real time applicationsFully static operation ideal for power sensitive applicationsHigh-performance RISC 17 MIPS sustained at 25 MHz at 3VIn-System Programming/In-Application Programming (ISP/ IAP) via on-chip boot- loader software. Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and programming of 256 bytes in 1ms.Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART)UART is a chip designed to control all serial devices connected to a processor. The name asynchronous agency that UART does not need a predefined clock for synchronization. UART surveils with an RS232 Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) which helps to communicate with serial devices. It has a Start bit, seven data bits, a parity bit and a stop bit. UART provides a full duplex transmission which means that data transfer is possible in two ways, simultaneously. Therefore, both the ends have to come to an agreement with the parameters like word length, a parity bit, and some stop bits.FeaturesUART has the following features,Burst rates up to 6 M-bits/secondHigh level of transmission and reception of dataUART converts the received bytes into single serial bit stream for transmissionProvides buffering of data to mai ntain the coordination of serial devices with the computerParity, overrun and framing error detection.Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) SensorAn LDR has a resistance which changes as per the amount of light falling upon it. It is often used to detect the aim of light in a circuit. An LDR has a high resistance of about 1000000 ohms. However, the resistance move drastically once the bright light falls on it.CharacteristicsTABLE 4. LDR CharacteristicsParameterConditionsMinTypeMaxUnitCell Resistance1000 LUX10 LUX4009OhmK OhmDark Resistance1M OhmDark Capacitance3.5pFRise Time1000 LUX10 LUX2.818msmsFall Time1000 LUX10 LUX48120msmsVoltage AC/DC Peak320V maxCurrent75mA maxPower Dissipation100mW maxOperating Temperature-60+75Deg. CTemperature SensorLM35 is a internal semiconductor precision temperature sensor. It is a temperature sensitive voltage source. For every 1oC rise in temperature, the voltage increases by 10mV. In other words, the output voltage is linearly proportional to the temp erature.SpecificationLinear +10-mV/oC scale factorRated for full -55 oC to 150 oC rangeSuitable for remote applicationsOperates from 4 V to 30 VLow self-heating, 0.08 oC in still air0.5 oC ensured accuracy (at 25 oC).Smoke SensorMQ-2 gas sensor consists of a sensitive material called SnO2. SnO2 has lower conductivity which helps in the working of MQ-2 in clean air.CharacteristicsHigh sensitivity to LPG, Propane and HydrogenSensitivity to Combustible gas in wide rangeLong Life and Low CostSpecificationsTABLE 5. Specifications of Gas SensorConcentration300 10000ppmLoop Voltage 5Slope

Tom Sawyer vs Huck Finn Essay -- The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Even though tomcat Sawyer might be civilized and a socially accepted boy, huckaback is a better person because he knows that slavery is wrong and he is more rational and reasonable. In The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn, Mark Twain shows this galore(postnominal) different situations in which the uncivilized person, Huck, is actually the civilized person, and also is more of a true-to-life(prenominal) and reasonable. One example of how Huck is more of a realistic person is when they form a gang and are going to rob a large caravan that is supposed pass by when in humankind they were going to rob a Sunday school. They are at a cave in St. Petersburg, Missouri. This took place by a cave after Huck leaves the Widows home to meet up with Tom. This supports the thesis because tom is so much of a dreamer and wants to do everything that he reads. So it shows Toms childish side because he wants to go on adventures and he wants to be like his heroes in a way because he wants to do these things. Huck says that, One time Tom sent a boy to run about town with a blazing stick, which he called a slogan (which was the menage for the gang to get together), and then he said he had got secret news by his spies that next day a whole parcel of Spanish merchants and rich A-rabs was going to camp in Cave Hollow with two hundred elephants and six hundred camels, and over a thousand Sumter mules, all peeved down with dimonds and they didnt have only a guard of four hundred soldiers, and so we would lay ambuscade, as ...

Learning from the Homeless Essay -- Personal Narrative Essay Example

It began in the County Mall nutriment court. Resting at one of the tables after my lunch, I casually glanced around the place. The food court wasnt crowded, and consequently I had no trouble spotting him a tall, dark, gray-haired man. He caught my gaze, and started walking towards me. As I took in his gaunt frame, his broken-down red t-shirt, and the holes in his great sweats, it dawned on me that before me stood a homeless man. Reaching my table, he asked if he could sit down with me exclusively I declined. I wasnt in the mood to scold to him, and so mumbling a poor excuse and an apology that was probably a few octaves below any clear-cut level, and not particularly caring whether the man heard me or not, I got up and walked away. The man called out after me, assuring me that he didnt want money, but rather only someone to talk to. I was rattled by his persistence, and pretending I didnt hear him I quickly walked away, my heart pounding in my chest. Later that day the incide nt gnawed on my mind that I coldly turned down a man who simply wanted someone to talk to was uncharacteristic and appalled me. As I lay awake that night, listening to the rain beat against my roof, my approximations drifted back to the man at the mall. Was he outside in this rain right now? Was he cold, wet, and hungry? Was he lonely? The thought of him feeling abandoned because of me weighed even more heavily on my conscience. In my first year of high school I suffered through a terrible ordeal that distanced me from my friends for some time. I am familiar with the despair that arises from loneliness, and it make my guilt all the more acute. As I lay in bed, I felt frustrated and angry with myself for acting so callously. I was vehement to ... ...change from the torpid state I found him in and I was elated by the transformation. Since the mall incident my time with the homeless have widened my eyes considerably. I learned about panhandling, canning routes, and day labors. I learned about the depression and loneliness that plagues many of the homeless. When I glance upon the effusive joy they derive from STATHs help, I get an idea as to how scathing my rejection might have been to the homeless at the mall. If only I could live the day over -Its a thought Ive entertained on many occasions. I fear that in my callousness I have driven the man into a deep despair at the thought that no one wants to spend their time with him. Every time I adopt another homeless on one of STATHs excursions, I relive the incident at the mall. Only now, I take solace in the fact that I make the right decision.